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"In silico"


From Wikipedia
If the target host* of a phage therapy treatment is not an animal the term "biocontrol" (as in phage-mediated biocontrol of bacteria) is usually employed, rather than "phage therapy".

In silico
From:"Genomics,Proteomics and Clinical Bacteriology",N.Woodford and Alan P.Johnson

Phrase that emphasizes the fact that many molecular biologists spend increasing amounts of their time in front of a computer screen, generating hypotheses that can subsequently be tested and (hopefully) confirmed in the laboratory.


Phage Therapy is influenced by:

Phage therapy is influenced by:

Country : the epidemiological situation is different from country to country in terms of circulating bacteria and bacteriophages. Example: lytic phages from Italy may be no active on the same bacteria (genus and species) isolated from another country and vice versa.
Temporariness
Mutation rate
Phenotypical delay
Phage cocktail

My point of view

Sunday, 20 March 2011

Mycobacterium marinum and Mycobacterium ulcerans:pater et filius


To find "genuine" lytic mycobacteriophages is not easy and it seems to me that it is also rare .

D29 is a lytic phage but I can not consider this phage
a "genuine " lytic phage by genome analysis.

Mycobacteriophages ( D29,L5,Bxz2 and L5) have a broad Host range and this feature is not favourable when they are used in Phage therapy.

I am of the opinion that Mycobacterium marinum may be the valid alternative to Mycobacterium smegmatis for growing and isolating phages with a potential action on Mycobacterium ulcerans but until now there is little information about growing phages on Mycobacterium marinum.


Please go to:

M.marinum,M.ulcerans and M.smegmatis:In silico 2D-SDS-PAGE


Mycobacterium marinum M

RepliconTotal GenesProtein GenesRNA GenesPseudogenesSize (bp)

Chromosome 15541549051676,636,827
Plasmid 129290023,317

Total:5570551951676,660,14

Pathways:196
Enzymatic Reactions:1186
Transport Reactions:65

Polypeptides:5452
Protein Complexes:17
Enzymes:980
Transporters:98

Compounds:823

Transcription Units:3686
tRNAs:5


Mycobacterium ulcerans Agy99

RepliconTotal GenesProtein GenesRNA GenesPseudogenesSize (bp)

Chromosome 149814931507715,631,606
Plasmid 1818100174,155

Total:50625012507715,805,761


Please go to:

Mycobacterium ulcerans strain Agy99 and its 174-kb pMUM001 plasmid



athways:196
Enzymatic Reactions:1209
Transport Reactions:53

Polypeptides:4241
Protein Complexes:11
Enzymes:841
Transporters:67

Compounds:806

Transcription Units:3542
tRNAs:51


Comparison



Organism M. marinum M M. ulcerans Agy99
Chromosomes 1 1
Organelle Chromosomes 0 0
Plasmids 1 1
Contigs 0 0
Genes 5,503 4,291
___ Genes of known or predicted molecular function 1,056 906
___ Genes with Exp Evidence 0 0
Protein Features 0 0
Protein Complexes 17 11
Pathways 236 232
___ Pathways with Exp Evidence 0 0
Metabolic Reactions 1,136 1,145
Transport Reactions 60 48
Compounds 822 805
Regulatory Interactions 0 0
Transcription Units 3,686 3,542
Promoters 0 0
Transcription Factor Binding Sites 0 0
Publications 849 852



Genes/Proteins M. marinum M M. ulcerans Agy99
Genes 5,503 4,291
___ Protein-coding Genes 5,452 4,241
___ tRNA Genes 52 51
___ rRNA Genes 3 3
___ tmRNA Genes 0 0
___ snRNA Genes 0 0
___ Regulatory RNA Genes 0 0
___ Other RNA Genes 2 2
Polypeptides 5,452 4,241
Protein Complexes 17 11
___ Heteromultimeric Protein Complexes 17 11
___ Homomultimeric Protein Complexes 0 0
Pseudogenes 67 771



Gene Annotation Status M. marinum M M. ulcerans Agy99
Genes of known or predicted molecular function 1,056 906
___ Genes of known molecular function 0 0
___ Genes of predicted molecular function 1,056 906
Genes of unknown molecular function 4,447 3,385



Enzymes M. marinum M M. ulcerans Agy99
Enzymes 843 730
___ Enzymes that catalyze Small Molecule reactions 733 613
___ Enzymes with a Physiologically Relevant Activator 0 0
___ Enzymes with a Physiologically Relevant Inhibitor 0 0
___ Enzymes with a Cofactor or Prosthetic Group 0 0


Transporters M. marinum M M. ulcerans Agy99
Uptake transporters 96 64
Efflux transporters 0 0
Transporters assigned to transport reactions 97 66
Genes assigned to transport proteins 122 81
Genes classified in MultiFun as transport genes 229 130