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"In silico"


From Wikipedia
If the target host* of a phage therapy treatment is not an animal the term "biocontrol" (as in phage-mediated biocontrol of bacteria) is usually employed, rather than "phage therapy".

In silico
From:"Genomics,Proteomics and Clinical Bacteriology",N.Woodford and Alan P.Johnson

Phrase that emphasizes the fact that many molecular biologists spend increasing amounts of their time in front of a computer screen, generating hypotheses that can subsequently be tested and (hopefully) confirmed in the laboratory.


Phage Therapy is influenced by:

Phage therapy is influenced by:

Country : the epidemiological situation is different from country to country in terms of circulating bacteria and bacteriophages. Example: lytic phages from Italy may be no active on the same bacteria (genus and species) isolated from another country and vice versa.
Temporariness
Mutation rate
Phenotypical delay
Phage cocktail

My point of view

Friday, 1 January 2010

Mycobacterial Hosts

For my analysis I must consider three mycobacterial hosts:

Mycobacterium ulcerans

Mycobacterium marinum

Mycobacterium smegmatis

M.ulcerans genome




See GC%


M.marinum genome



See GC%



M.smegmatis genome
See GC%


MYCOBACTERIAL IDENTIFICATION BY MEANS OF MYCOLIC ACID HPLC

Mycobacterium ulcerans






Mycobacterium marinum





Mycobacterium smegmatis





I am of the opinion that Mycobacterium marinum may be the valid alternative to Mycobacterium smegmatis for growing and isolating phages with a potential action on Mycobacterium ulcerans.

The reasons are:

1)
Short duplication time ( about 4 hours respect to 32 hours for M.ulcerans),
2)
The supposed descent from M.marinum.

!!!These two last features represent a new direction for my research.



Some information:

Mycobacterium marinum from Wikipedia

Mycobacterium smegmatis from Wikiped
ia

Mycobacterium marinum from Medscape(1)

Mycobacterium marinum from Medscape(2)


My "in silico " results:

Alignments by MAUVE software



By Mauve software: Alignment of Conserved Genomic Sequence with Rearrangements from Multiple Genome Evolution Laboratory ( University Wisconsin-Madison) it is possible to verify this supposition in easy way because this alignment software uses the Locally Collinear Blocks .
Locally Collinear Blocks (LCBs )

Because recombination can cause genome rearrangements, orthologous regions of one genome may be reordered or inverted relative to another genome. During the alignment process, Mauve identifies conserved segments that appear to be internally free from genome rearrangements. Such regions are referred to as Locally Collinear Blocks (LCBs). Mauve requires that each collinear region of the alignment meets a "minimum weight" criteria. The weight of an LCB is defined as the sum of the lengths of matches in that LCB. Mauve removes matches composing low-weight LCBs from the set of alignment anchors before completing the alignment. The minimum LCB weight is a user-definable parameter, and by default Mauve chooses this value to be 3 times the minimum match size. The minimum LCB weight must be manually determined for accurate estimation of genomic rearrangement.
Genome sequence files can be given to Mauve in any of FastA, Multi-FastA, GenBank flat file, or raw formats. A display mode is available that colors regions conserved among all genomes differently than regions conserved among subsets of the genomes.


M.ulcerans
and M.marinum:



M.marinum and M.smegmatis:



M.ulcerans and M.smegmatis:



M.ulcerans ,M.smegmatis and M.marinum:



Identity Matrix

Sequence Identity Matrix:
basebybase software:




NB: the percentage of identity betwen M. marinum and M.smegmatis is higher than
percentage betwen M.marinum and M.ulcerans.


Dot plot by Gepard software

M.ulcerans and M.marinum:


M.marinum and M.smegmatis:




M.ulcerans
and M.smegmatis: