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"In silico"


From Wikipedia
If the target host* of a phage therapy treatment is not an animal the term "biocontrol" (as in phage-mediated biocontrol of bacteria) is usually employed, rather than "phage therapy".

In silico
From:"Genomics,Proteomics and Clinical Bacteriology",N.Woodford and Alan P.Johnson

Phrase that emphasizes the fact that many molecular biologists spend increasing amounts of their time in front of a computer screen, generating hypotheses that can subsequently be tested and (hopefully) confirmed in the laboratory.


Phage Therapy is influenced by:

Phage therapy is influenced by:

Country : the epidemiological situation is different from country to country in terms of circulating bacteria and bacteriophages. Example: lytic phages from Italy may be no active on the same bacteria (genus and species) isolated from another country and vice versa.
Temporariness
Mutation rate
Phenotypical delay
Phage cocktail

My point of view

Sunday, 27 September 2009

From the only information for growing Phages on Mycobacterium ulcerans


From:
"Host range of 14 mycobacteriophages in Mycobacterium ulcerans and ..."

"D29 seems to be a good choice for mycobacteriophage assays for the detection of M. ulcerans
in patient samples or to investigate the drug resistance of mycobacterial isolates. This phage proved to be lytic in M.ulcerans species which originated from four different continents.

M. ulcerans produces the polyketide-derived macrolide mycolactone, which is required for the tissue damage that characterizes Buruli ulcer (George et al., 1999; Mve-Obianget al., 2003). Although mycolactone is a major component of the cell surface of M. ulcerans, it does not seem to be involved in the binding of phages or the injection of phage DNA, since the avirulent mycolactone-negative mutant 1615M showed the same host range as the wild-type strain.

In summary, we have shown that the mycobacteriophages D29, Bxz2, L5 and TM4 have a broad, and to some extent similar, host range among the slow-growing mycobacteria."


I have compared the genomes of this phages by MAUVE Software, GATA Software and GEPARD Software.

L5 ,D29 and Bxz2 are close ,while TM4 is not close to this phage group but it is distant.

Alignment by Mauve: D29,Bxz2,L5 and TM4


Alignment by Mauve: D29,Bxz2,L5




Alignment by Mauve: D29,TM4


Alignment by Mauve:Bxz2,TM4



Alignment by Mauve: L5,TM4




Alignment by Mauve: D29,L5



Alignment by Mauve: D29, Bxz2


Alignment by Mauve: Bxz2,L5


Alignment by Gata: D29,L5


Alignment by Gata: D29,Bxz2



Alignment by Gata: Bxz2,L5

Alignment by Gata: Bxz2,TM4



Alignment by Gata: L5,TM4


Alignment by Gata: D29,TM4



Dot Plot L5 and TM4 by Gepard



Dot Plot D29 and TM4 by Gepard



Dot Plot Bxz2 and TM4 by Gepard




Dot Plot D29 and Bxz2 by Gepard


Dot Plot L5 and Bxz2 by Gepard



Working hypothesis on Receptors

If all these phages are growing on Mycobaterium smegmatis MC2 155 and on Mycobacterium ulcerans must have the same receptor or different receptors.



Phage...M.ulcerans Receptor (R1) ...M.smegmatis Receptor(R2)

L5................... R1L5..................................... R2L5


D29................. R1D29................................... R2D29


Bxz2................ R1Bxz2.................................. R2Bxz2


TM4 .................R1TM4.................................... R2TM4


Suppositions:

1)R1L5,R1D29,R1Bxz2,R1TM4 are the same,
or
R1L5,R1D29,R1Bxz2,R1TM4 are different one another.



2)R2L5,R2D29,R2Bxz2,R2TM4 are the same,
or
R2L5,R2D29,R2Bxz2,R2TM4 are different one another.


3)R1L5,R1D29,R1Bxz2,R1TM4 and R2L5,R2D29,R2Bxz2,R2TM4 are the same,
or
R1L5,R1D29,R1Bxz2,R1TM4,R2L5,R2D29,R2Bxz2,R2TM4 are different one another.