messaggio

clik on the image and visit the new site

New site clik on the image

"In silico"


From Wikipedia
If the target host* of a phage therapy treatment is not an animal the term "biocontrol" (as in phage-mediated biocontrol of bacteria) is usually employed, rather than "phage therapy".

In silico
From:"Genomics,Proteomics and Clinical Bacteriology",N.Woodford and Alan P.Johnson

Phrase that emphasizes the fact that many molecular biologists spend increasing amounts of their time in front of a computer screen, generating hypotheses that can subsequently be tested and (hopefully) confirmed in the laboratory.


Phage Therapy is influenced by:

Phage therapy is influenced by:

Country : the epidemiological situation is different from country to country in terms of circulating bacteria and bacteriophages. Example: lytic phages from Italy may be no active on the same bacteria (genus and species) isolated from another country and vice versa.
Temporariness
Mutation rate
Phenotypical delay
Phage cocktail

My point of view

Friday 30 January 2009

Commercial phage preparations


JSC BIOCHIMPHARM (Georgia,Tbilisi)



Pyobacteriophage liquid
now PHAGYO

Staphylococcus Bacteriophage liquid
now PHAGESTAPH

Pyocyaneum Bacteriophage liquid  now
PHAGEPY

Intesti Bacteriophage liquid 
now PHAGESTI

Salmonella typhi Bacteriophages
now PHAGETYPH

Salmonella Bacteriophage Tablets
now PHAGESAL

Dysentery Bacteriophage Tablets
now PHAGEDYS



ADVANCED BIOPHAGE TECHNOLOGIES (Georgia,Tbilisi)


Pyophage (TM)

Intestiphage (TM)

Product Matrix

 


RUSSIAN ANTI-PLAGUE RESEARCH INSTITUTE "Microbe"


Bacteriophage preparations basing on the localization of their application


wound, for superficial treatment (against conditionally pathogenic microorganisms inducing suppurations and similar pathologies – staphylococcus phage, pseudomonas phage,streptococcus phage)

intestinal (dysenteriae phage, typhoid phage, salmonellosis phage, coliphage, proteus phage, coli-proteus phage, intestiphage).

Separately stands the group of phage preparations intended for subcutaneous, intramuscular, intracavernous or intravenous injections for preventing the generalization of infections invoked typically by staphylococcus, streptococcus, and pseudomonas.
In view of that, wide spread gained pyophage – a complex preparation composed of 5 components: staphylococcus phage, coli-phage, proteus phage, streptococcus phage, and pseudomonas phage.


Bacteriophages were produced in different medicinal forms


In liquid and dried form, in tablets with acid-resistant coating from acetyl phthalate cellulose or pectin, and also as rectal suppository. In due time, industry of USSR produced the following most important bacteriophage preparations for treating bacterial infections of humans:

Staphylococcus bacteriophage (pathogens – almost exclusively Staphylococcus aureus, rather rarely – Staphylococcus epidermidis)


The preparation is a filtrate of lysed staphylococcus culture. The preps of staphylococcus phage existed:

i) in liquid form, obtained on protein-enriched and protein-free medium – respectively, for local/enteric applications and parenteral injections;

ii) as rectal suppositories with dried phage preparation and filling agent (polyethylene oxide) – for treating professional disbacteriosis; as paste – for personnel prophylactics in maternity hospitals,etc.

way of preparation application

Depends on the localization of disease focus.-Local superficial application is achievable via spraying of liquid bacteriophage preparation over the wounds and use of wetted bandages.

-Subcutaneously the phage is applied in small doses in one or several sites.

-There were also practiced intracavernous applications (in pleural cavity, cavity of urinary bladder).

-Intramuscular and intravenous injections.



Streptococcus bacteriophage (pathogen – Streptococcus pyogenes)
Usually was produced in liquid form for superficial applications.
Pseudomonas bacteriophage (pathogen – Pseudomonas aeruginosa)
-Liquid preparation for treating suppurative infections, osteomyelities, abscesses and similar pathologies of pseudomonas etiology.

Means of application are similar to those of staphylococcus phage.




Coli-bacteriophage (pathogen – Escherichia coli)

-Preparation was produced in liquid form and used for controlling infections invoked by, or complicated by, Escherichia.
-Peroral and rectal applications were practiced.




Proteus bacteriophage (pathogens – Proteus vulgaris, Proteus mirabilis)
-Preparation was produced in liquid form and used for controlling infections invoked by, or complicated by, Proteus.

Means of application are identical to those for coli-phage.

Coli- proteus bacteriophage
-Combined preparationmixture of filtrates of lysed cultures of Escherichia coli and Proteus vulgaris, Proteus mirabilis.

Salmonella bacteriophage (pathogens – Salmonella typhi, Salmonella typhimurium)
-Produced in liquid form. Peroral and rectal applications.


Dysenteriae bacteriophage
(pathogens – Shigella flexneri, Sh. sonnei, Sh. dysenteriae, Sh.newcastle)
-Preparations produced in liquid form and in tablets (dried prep) coated with acetyl phthalate cellulose (APC) or pectin and in suppositories.
-Peroral and rectal applications.



Ubiquitous complex bacterial etiology of various pathologies (presence of different serotypes, strains of bacteria, and often different bacterial species) conditions necessity for developing polyvalent phage preparations (composed of a mixture of varied types/races of bacteriophages active towards one bacterial species), and even sometimes combined, or complex, phage preps (containing phages active toward diverge bacteria invoking pathology of a complex etiology – for instance, against acute intestinal infections or suppurative inflammatory processes).
Bacteriophages for Treatment of Diseases caused by Antibiotic-Resistant Pathogens

Pyo-Phage (5 components: Staphylococcus, E.coli, Streptococcus, Pseudomonas, Proteus).Intestiphage (17 components: Shigellaspp., Salmonella spp., Cholera suis, Staphylococcus, Proteus spp., E.coli –different serotypes, P.aeruginosa).Mono-phage preparations (Staphylococcal, E.coli, Streptococcal, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus).



Technological process of production of bacteriophage preparation


The process included the following steps:

- growing
- filtration
- conservation (sterilization);
- precipitation (usually with ammonium sulphate)
- stabilization
- drying (for dried preps, tablet forms, pastes and suppositorieslyophilization or drying over calcium chloride)
- tabletting and applying of acid-resistant coating (for tablet forms of preparations).

Acid-resistant coatings pursued the aim to escape the destruction of phage preparation in acidic gastric juices, and could have been from acetyl phthalate cellulose (APC) or pectin. APC makes an unbroken superficial coating over the whole tablet, and this does not allow divide the tablet for dosage (in children therapy, for instance).
Pectin forms sort of ‘individual’ coating over each virus particle in the tablet, enabling use of pectin-coated tablets for therapy of intestinal infections of youngest children.



Staphage Lysate (SPL) for veterinary use.