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"In silico"


From Wikipedia
If the target host* of a phage therapy treatment is not an animal the term "biocontrol" (as in phage-mediated biocontrol of bacteria) is usually employed, rather than "phage therapy".

In silico
From:"Genomics,Proteomics and Clinical Bacteriology",N.Woodford and Alan P.Johnson

Phrase that emphasizes the fact that many molecular biologists spend increasing amounts of their time in front of a computer screen, generating hypotheses that can subsequently be tested and (hopefully) confirmed in the laboratory.


Phage Therapy is influenced by:

Phage therapy is influenced by:

Country : the epidemiological situation is different from country to country in terms of circulating bacteria and bacteriophages. Example: lytic phages from Italy may be no active on the same bacteria (genus and species) isolated from another country and vice versa.
Temporariness
Mutation rate
Phenotypical delay
Phage cocktail

My point of view

Monday 6 July 2009

Does Phage go in or does Phage not go in through the Blood?



Two conflicting Viewpoints



From
The Bacteriophages.org



The distribution of phage pfu's in mice following various routes of administration



This graph was adapted from data from a 1973 experiment in which germ free mice were inoculated with a single dose of 2X10^12 pfu Lambda phage. In these experiments oral administration of phage resulted in the detection of a systemic level of phage tissue titers that were 7 to 8 orders of magnitude lower than that achieved by systemic administration of phage.



Graphic representation of data from the 1943 infectious disease model in which mice were inoculated by intracerebral injection of the bacteria Shigella dysenteriae (at an LD50 level) were compared with uninfected control mice.


Graph

All of the mice in this experiment were injected with 10^9 pfu of phage i.p. which was administered at the same time as the bacterial inoculation. The bacteriophage level in the blood of the uninfected animals was compatible with the dilution of the phage concentration in the total fluid volume of the mouse and the lower levels in the brain reflect the relatively smaller blood content in the brain. However, in the infected animals the phage particles are observed to increase at the site of the infection, the brain, while the blood levels of phage appear to be a 'reflection of the events occurring in the brain.



Graphical representation of data presented by Smith and Huggins. (In this set of experiments all of the animals received an intracerebral inoculation of 5X10^2 cfu of an E. coli K1).



The animals treated with phage were injected with 3X10^8 pfu of phage intramuscularly
(into the gastrocnemius muscle) at the same time as the bacterial inoculation. These graphs were derived from the data published in tables 9 and 10 in their paper.